韩国仪式戏剧的演出形态和艺术品格研究

On Performing Forms and Artistic Characters of Korean Ceremonial Plays

本文在田野调查的基础上,对韩国仪式戏剧的演出形态和艺术品格进行了探讨。韩国仪式戏剧根据萨满祭祀仪式中祭祀因素与戏剧因素的关系分为两类:祭祀仪式为主、蕴含了一定的戏剧表演因素的原始形态的仪式戏剧;保留了祭祀仪式痕迹、具备了戏剧主要因素的典型仪式戏剧。原始形态的仪式戏剧多采用代神演仪和扮神演仪的形态;典型的仪式戏剧以世俗生活戏为主,戏仪交错,先祭后戏。韩国仪式戏剧仍然保存着原始戏剧的"游戏特质",具有拙朴、风趣、即兴的艺术品格。

Korean ceremonial plays are originated from Korean Shaman ceremony. According to sacrifice and drama factors, the plays can be divided into two categories：1） primitive ceremonial plays which center on sacrifice rites and include certain drama performance elements; 2） prototypical ceremonial plays which include major factors of drama performance while reserving traces of of sacrifice rites. In the former category, gods/goddesses often perform the rituals, while the latter category is mainly about daily life. It adopts the play-ritual interweaving method and a sacrifice-before-play form. On the whole, Korean ceremonial plays still keep the ＂game quality＂ of primitive plays, and they also possess the artistic characters of being simple, humorous and impromptu.