丽江鼠疫疫源地绒鼠头骨鉴定结果及其群落多样性特征

Results of skull identification of Eothenomys and its characteristics of community diversity in Lijiang plague natural foci in Yunnan

目的调查云南省丽江市鼠疫自然疫源地绒鼠的种类及群落多样性特征,为制定鼠疫防控措施提供科学依据。方法在丽江玉龙县7个自然村、古城区2个自然村范围内,按鼠疫监测方案进行鼠疫监测,捕获小型兽类,选取头骨完整的绒鼠,剥制头骨标本,根据头骨和皮毛特征鉴定绒鼠种类; 用群落生态学方法计算绒鼠的多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势度指数和丰富度指数。结果丽江鼠疫疫源地共有4种绒鼠,以玉龙绒鼠（Eothenomys proditor）和大绒鼠（E.miletus）为主,黑腹绒鼠（E.melanogaster）数量较少,西南绒鼠（E.custos）偶尔能见到,绒鼠共携带4种寄生蚤,以方叶栉眼蚤（Ctenophthalmus quadrarus）、特新蚤指名亚种（Neopsylla specialis specialis）为主; 绒鼠的多样性指数1.472 9～1.970 2,均匀性指数0.773 1～0.896 7,丰富度指数0.967 0～1.484 9,生态优势度指数0.157 9～0.276 8。结论云南省丽江鼠疫疫源地有4种绒鼠,以玉龙绒鼠和大绒鼠为优势种,玉龙绒鼠在海拔2 900～3 100 m的地区优势地位突出,大绒鼠在海拔2 000～2 900 m的地区优势地位突出。

Objective To investigate the species composition and characteristics of community diversity of Eothenomys in plague natural foci of Lijiang, Yunnan, to provide scientific basis for formulating plague prevention and control. Methods Investigation was carried out at 2 villages of Gucheng District and 7 villages of Yulong County in Lijiang. Rodents were cap- tured in the plague surveillaneeareas, Eothenomys samples with intact skull were selected and identified according to the mor- phological characteristics of the skull and fur. Species composition, diversity index, similarity index of Eothenomys communi- ties from different villages were analyzed with the method of community ecology. Results There were four species of Eo- thenomys in the plague natural foci. Eothenomys proditor and E. miletus were predominating species, E. melanogaster was less than them, while E. custos could be found occasionally. Four species of fleas were carded on Eothenomys. Ctenophthal- mus quadratus and Neopsylla specialis specialis were dominant species, with the indicates of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index 1.472 9-1.970 2, Pielou evenness index 0.773 1-0.896 7, diversity index 0.967 0-1.484 9, and ecological dominance in- dex 0.157 9-0.276 8. Conclusions There are 4 species of Eothenomys in the plague natural foci, with the dominant species of E. proditor and E, miletus. E. proditor shows dominance in the habitats at altitude of 2 900-3 100 meters, while E. miletus is dominant at altitude of 2 000-2 900 meters.