2004—2014年新疆黑热病疫情调查分析

Epidemic analysis of kala-azar in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2004 to 2014

目的了解新疆黑热病流行病学特征,掌握疫情动态趋势,为疫情监测及制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法使用Spss 19.0和Epi Info 3.5.3软件,对中国疾病疫情监测信息管理系统中2004—2014年新疆黑热病疫情数据和监测数据进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2004—2014年新疆累计报告黑热病1 588例,年均发病率0.686 7/10万;累计发病数(或年均发病率)最高的地区为喀什地区,最高的县为伽师县;病例主要集中在秋季(9—11月)、占总发病人数的35.92%,10月是发病的最高峰;以散居儿童为主、占总发病人数的55.88%,10岁以下年龄组为高发人群、占总发病数的77.58%,其中2岁以下婴幼儿发病数最多、占总发病人数的53.09%;男性多于女性,男女之比为1.47∶1。结论近十一年来新疆黑热病总体呈下降趋势,灭蛉与普查和普治患者是控制黑热病流行的有效措施。

Objective To analyze epidemiological features and epidemic dynamic trend of kala-azar in Xinjiang, to provide scientific basis for monitoring and formulating prevention measure. Methods Epidemic data ofkala-azar cases and surveil- lance information in Xinjiang from 2004 to 2014 were downloaded from National Infectious Diseases Reporting System, and statistically analyzed by using Spss 19.0 and Epi Info 3.5.3 software. Results Totally 1 588 kala-azar cases were reported during the observed period, with yearly average incidence rate of 0.686 7/100 000. The highest cumulative incidence rate （or the average incidence rate） was in Jiashi County and Kashi Region. Cases were mainly concentrated in autumn （September to November） , accounting for 35.92%, with the peak in October. The cases were mainly scattered children, accounting for 55.88%. The group of children under 10 years old was high-risk population, accounting for 77.58%, with infants under 2 years old of the highest incidence, holding 53.09%. The incidence was more in the male than in the female with the ratio of 1.47： 1. Conclusions In resent 11 years, kala-azar in Xinjiang tends to decrease generally. The effective measures to con- trol kala-azar endemic are controlling sandfly, screening and treating patients.