宋以后“天人合一”之理路演化

On the changing process of Tian Ren He Yi after Song dynasty

天人合一命题在宋以后经历了一个变化发展的过程:以辟佛为目的,张载力主"明诚并进"的德修工夫,率先确立了方法论进路的"道德型态天人合一";秉承圣王一体的儒学理念,朱熹等人通过"灾异事应"的辨识总结了政治事件与自然现象的联系,从认识论的角度提出了"政治型态天人合一";激于明末空谈心性之疲敝,陆世仪以"阴阳五行"强调天人之间的实质联系,讨论的是本体论层面的"物质型态天人合一"。在此演化进程中,不同型态的天人合一逐渐塑就了共同的特质,此即现实关怀的精神与道德实践的指向。

The proposition of Tian Ren He Yi（the unity of heaven and man）had Experienced a process of change and development after Song dynasty.For the purpose of refuting Buddhism,Zhangzai advocated a Moral cultivation method of Ming Cheng Bing Jin（明诚并进）,which first established a moral type from the point of Methodology.Adhering to the Confucian idea of sage and king be one,Zhuxi and others summarized the relation between political events and natural phenomena by identifying Zai Yi Shi Ying（灾异事应）,which put forward a politics type from the point of epistemology.Stimulated by the drawback of mouthing mind and nature in late Ming dynasty,LU Shi-yi emphasized the substantial connection between heaven and man by Yin Yang Wu Xing（阴阳五行）,which provided a material type from the point of ontology.In this process,different types of Tian Ren He Yi gradually formed same characteristics,that is,spirit of caring for reality and direction of moral practice.