证据概念及其分类制度批判——法解释学角度的反思

The Critique about Concept and Classification of Evidence——Consideration from Legal Explanation

新《刑事诉讼法》对证据概念及分类作出一定调整,但仍存在若干问题。在我国的证据立法中,是有必要对证据的概念进行界定的。目前的"材料说"虽然用语仍不够严谨,但能够克服"事实说"的弊端,扩大证据准入的范围。"情态证据"等证据形式不能被容纳入证据的范围,并非"材料说"所致,而是缘于对"事实"的界定过于狭窄以及不合理的法定证据形式。由于立法维持了证据的封闭式分类模式,该模式具有逻辑不周延、标准不清晰、不利于法庭证据调查等弊端,对此可通过法律解释方法,扩展证据种类的范围,并通过司法解释对部分证据的所属类型及调查方法进行调整。

The new Criminal Procedure Law made some amendment about the concept and classification of evidence, but there are still some prob- lems. In Chinag evidence law, it~ necessary to define the concept of evidence. The material theory isnt rigorous enough, however it can overcome the dis- advantage of fact theory, and it doesnt hinder modal evidence and other evidence forms into evidence circle. The closed evidence classification has disad- vantage of incomplete logic, unclear criterion and it makes no contribution to the evidence examination. To solve those problems, we can use legal expla- nation methods to expand the evidence circle, and constitute judicial interoretation to regulate some evidence e｜assification and examination methods.