基于HHT方法的钻头振动信号识别

Identification of vibration singals of drill bit based on Hilbert-Huang transform method

钻头振动波方法进行丛式井防碰监测时,提出将HHT方法应用于钻头振动信号处理,应用峭度准则及互相关系数准则对钻头振动信号降噪,通过时频分析准确识别出海上复杂条件下的钻头振动信号。首先应用EMD(Empirical Mode Decomposition)分解可以将复杂环境下的钻头振动信号分解为固有模态分量,采用峭度准则、互相关系数准则筛选信号进行降噪处理获得主要冲击成分并重组信号,然后通过Hilbert变换得到边际谱和瞬时频率,判断不同通道的信号来源,提取主要公共频段作为钻头振动信号。根据滤波后信号的能量建立钻头趋近风险邻井的防碰模型,通过海上丛式井防碰的现场数据验证了该方法的有效性。

The bit vibration wave method was introduced to monitor the anti-collision performance of cluster wells. In order to accurately identify the vibration signals of the drill bit,the HHT method was applied to the bit signal feature extraction,the EMD was used to decompose the bit vibration signal into intrinsic mode components（IMF）,the kurtosis criterion and correlation coefficient were used to filter the main impact components and then the signal was reconstructed. By HHT,the marginal spectrum,instantaneous frequency and the three dimensional spectrum were obtained and used to judge whether the signals of differernt channels come from the same drill bit or not.The main public frequency range was extracted and a bandpass filter was applied to the channel to detect the bit vibration signal.According to the energy of the filtered signal,an anti-collision model,as the bit approaches to the risk well was established.The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by the experiment data ayalysis on a real offshore cluster well.