论晚清至“五四”诗歌的“言说方式”——兼及诗学与诗歌史的辩证

“Speaking Way” of Poetry from Late Qing to “May Fourth Movement”—— Also on the Debates of Poetics and History of Poetry

晚清至"五四"诗歌由旧而新的变迁,既源于语言形式的构造也出自现代经验的催逼,但如何理解文类内部和外部的错综关系,避免把它们或割据式地单独处置或牵强地缝合粘连,实为把握该时段诗歌的关键和难点。"言说方式"因而作如此构拟,即现代性的运作被语言"知觉"时即成了内部与外部的混融,它寄身于形式与经验交织的纹路中,改变诗,也被诗所改变。据此,"言说方式"必须挣脱静止的、惰性的结构,为从根本上克服时间性难题这一哲学和美学的拷问而赢得合法性。它由诗学的诉求而至诗歌史的关切,且在二者的互为征显中,最终作为一个面向诗学与诗歌史双重目标的概念,体现结构与运动、共时性与历史性的辩证法品格。在此基础上,该时段的诗歌在体式与经验之间不间断地角力、相斥与包容,就可以恰当地理解为,诗的异动和凝聚相生、变奏与重建共存的过程。

Poetry changes from the old to the new during the period of Late Qing to ＂May Fourth Movement＂ , came from both the language style construction and also the press of modem experience. But how to understand the intricate relationship between the interior and exterior of the genre, and to avoid dispersing them, or unreasonable combination, this is just the key and difficulty to study the poetry of this period . Thus ＂speaking way ＂ may be explained as that modernity would become a mix of internal and external at language ＂perception＂ , it lies in the lines interwoven with form and experience, changing the poem, while being changed by the poem. So, the ＂speaking way＂ must get rid of static, inert structure, in order to overcome the problem of timing and get legitimacy from philosophy and aesthetics. It comes to be concern of poetry history from poetic appeal, and in the two mutually demonstration, finally, as a concept with dual aims of poetics and history of poetry, it reflects the dialectic character of structure and movement, synchronic and historic. On this basis, the poetry of this period kept fighting between style and experience, it can properly be understood as a process of movement and reconstruction.