松花江表层沉积物有毒重金属污染评价

Pollution Evaluation of Toxic Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Songhua River

为反映中俄界河黑龙江第一大支流松花江的重金属污染状况,采用潜在生态风险指数及主成分分析对松花江全江段表层沉积物Hg,Pb,Cd,Cr和As 5种有毒重金属的污染特征、来源解析及潜在生态风险危害进行深入探讨.研究表明:松花江表层沉积物中,重金属含量平均值由大到小顺序为wCr>wPb>wAs>wCd>wHg;变异系数CV表明Hg和As的空间分布离散性较大,而Cd和Pb则相对较均匀;采用主成分分析法(PCA)对重金属污染物的来源进行了推断;Hg和Cd的单一重金属潜在生态风险因子Eri值较高,RI指数表明整体上松花江重金属污染处于低度风险水平,只有1#,2#,7#和10#4个断面处于中度风险水平.

This paper discussed the pollution characteristics and their sources of Hg,Cd,Cr,As and Pb in the bottom sediments of Songhua River in the Hakansonˊs Potential Ecological Risk Index Method （RI）and Principal Component Analysis （PCA）to reveal the metal pollution status of the whole Songhua River,which is the biggest tributary of the Heilongjiang River at the China-Russian border.The results showed that：the concentration order from high to low by average was w Cr ＆gt;w Pb ＆gt;w As ＆gt;w Cd ＆gt;w Hg ;the co-efficient of variation （CV）revealed that the spatial distribution of Hg and As was discrete and Cd and Pb were homogeneous.In the method of PCA,the main sources of heavy metal pollutants were inferred.The E r i of Hg and Cd was higher,and the RI analysis uncovered that the potential ecological risk declined com-pared with the past,and just the 4 sections of 1#, 2#, 7# and 10 # were in moderate level only.