全球港口间集装箱运输贸易网络的时空分异

The Spatial-Temporal Differentiation and of Global Trade of Container Transportation Network between Ports

在科学估测全球集装箱吞吐量排名前100位的港口间集装箱运输贸易流的基础上,综合考察全球港口间集装箱运输贸易的时空演化格局,并从全球港口间集装箱运输贸易联系的角度揭示全球港口间集装箱运输贸易网络的等级结构。结果表明:1在研究期内,全球已经形成以北美、西欧、东亚—东南亚三个区域港口间集装箱贸易连接为主体,三个区域内部港口间集装箱贸易连接为支撑的港口间集装箱运输贸易流网络空间格局;2全球港口间的集装箱运输贸易流网络的复杂性与完整性大大增加,各港口间的集装箱运输贸易流在研究期内经历一个由近及远的空间递减过程,地理邻近依然是有利于促进港口间集装箱运输贸易流的一个重要因素;3全球多数港口间的集装箱运输贸易联系比较松散,仅少数港口的联系紧密,这种全球集装箱运输贸易港口分布格局等级差异的形成是世界海运贸易网络区域分异、组合特征的反映;4港口集装箱运输贸易首位联系呈现出明显的区域化特征,港口的相邻或接近以及集装箱运输贸易组团核心强大的经济吸引力,成为全球港口间集装箱运输贸易的首位联系形成的主要因素。

The trade flow of container transportation between 100 ports with biggest container throughput around the world has been scientifically estimated in this study. On the basis of the estimation, the spatial-temporal evolution pattern of global trade of container transportation between the ports has been comprehensively observed, and the hierarchal structure of global container transportation network has been revealed in the perspective of their trade connection. The results showed： （1） During the study period, the spatial pattern of global trade flow of container transportation has been formed, whose mainstay is the container trade connection between North America, West Europe and East Asia-Southeast Asia, and the support is the container trade connection within the above 3 regions. （2） The complexity and completeness of trade flow network of global container transportation between ports has been remarkably increased. The trade flow of their container transportation has experienced a spatial diminishing process from close to distant during the study period. The geographical proximity is still an important factor of promoting trade flow of container transportation between ports. （3） The container transportation trade connection between most ports are relatively loose, only few of them are tightly connected. This hierarchal differentiation in the distribution pattern global container transportation trade is resulted from the regional differentiation and combination of global marine trade network. （4） The prior connection of container transportation trade between the ports presents a distinct regional characteristic. The adjacency or proximity ports and the powerful economic attraction from the core of container transportation trade group have been the most prominent factors that form the prior connection of global container transportation trade between ports.