内蒙古林西县井沟子西区出土青铜器的成分与金相分析

Composition and Metallographic Analysis of Bronze from West Cemetery of Jinggouzi Site in Linxi of Inner Mongolia

通过对井沟子西区墓地174件青铜器进行成分、金相组织、夹杂物等分析,初步了解井沟子类型的青铜器制作水平及特征。井沟子西区墓地青铜器主要是Cu-Sn-Pb合金,以铸造产品为主,夹杂物较多。检测结果表明,不同类型及使用功能的器物,其合金成分与机械性能不同,金相组织显示出较大差异,说明当时的工匠已经能够有意识地根据器物的不同用途和机械性能的要求选择出机械性能较好的铅锡青铜合金,已经掌握热锻、冷加工等工艺,制作出一些质量较高的工具。井沟子西区墓地青铜器主体成分与附近代黄山顶发现的早期冶炼遗址以及林西大井古铜矿冶炼遗址的产物并不相符,其物料来源尚需进一步研究。

According to the analysis of composition, metallurgical structure and impurity based on the 174 samples of bronzes which were found in the cemetery located in the west of JingGouZi, we can understand the levels and features of bronze producing in JingGouZi. The bronze from JingGouZi includes Cu-Sn-Pb alloy mainly,and most of them are cast products with more impurities. The result shows there are more differences in the composition of alloy and mechanical performance with different types and functions of the bronzes, meanwhile there are more difference in the metallurgical structure. And that means the artisan in the ancient has the capability to select the bronze alloy of lead and tin with better mechanical performance according to the experiences, and they have mastered the technologies of hot forging and cold-working to produce some tools with higher quality. The composition of bronzes in JingGouZi is not the same as the early copper smelting site which was found in the top of DaiHuangShan mountain and LinXiDaJing cooper smelting site. For the source of bronzes in JingGouZi need to be researched further.