精神共同体观念的现代重建——黑格尔早期宗教、经济与政治思想研究

Modern Reconstruction of Spiritual Community——An Investigation of Hegel's Religious,Economic and Political Thoughts in His Early Days

如何克服法国大革命和启蒙哲学所代表的现代个人主义危机,是在黑格尔思想形成过程中占据核心地位的问题。这一问题不仅促使黑格尔重新认识到基督教在克服现代个人主义方面的社会伦理价值,恢复了一种对于整体性社会精神的信仰,而且直接促使黑格尔到现代经济和政治制度中去寻找这种整体性的社会精神。最终黑格尔认识到,现代社会的分工和交换体系已经在个人之间建立起了一种普遍的社会联系,而现代国家的任务就在于将这种潜在的社会伦理关系提升为自觉的共同体意志。黑格尔由此超越了古典政治经济学对于社会的自然主义解释,将现代社会重新思考为人类精神的自由创制和实现。

How to overcome the crisis caused by modem individualism representative of the French Revolu- tion and Enlightenment Philosophy took a key place in the course of formation of Hegel＇ s ideology. This ques- tion made Hegel not only recognize Christianity＇ s ethnic value in overcoming modem individualism and recover the belief in an integrate social spirit but also seek this integrate social spirit in modem economic and political institutions. At last, he understood that division of work and exchange niversal social contact between individuals and that the task for modem system in modem society established a u- states was to promote this potential social ethnic relationship to a self-conscious will of the community. It is in this way that Hegel overtook classic politi- cal economics in explaining social naturalism and re -considered modern society as a liberal creation and reali- zation of human spirit.