农村饮用水氟砷检测及健康风险评价

Fluoride and arsenic levels in drinking water in rural areas and health risk assessment

目的掌握远安县农村饮用水氟、砷的现状,分析健康风险,为农村改水、饮用水安全、地方病防治等提供科学依据。方法对远安县107个村居采取分片随机柚样,按照GB/T5750-2006进行采样和检测,采用t检验进行统计学处理,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义,应用美国环境保护局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价方法进行评价。结果水砷浓度平均为0.001 06mg/L,最高浓度为0.004mg/L,年总健康风险分别为5.533 5×10-6、2.086 9×10-5,不同年龄不同性别的人群的水砷最高总健康风险均<5×10-5,健康风险处于低水平;水氟浓度平均为0.23mg/L,最高为1.6mg/L,年健康风险分别为1.334 1×10-9、9.280 5×10-8,基本无健康风险,但最高值超过国家卫生标准;氟、砷平均浓度均为分散式供水高于集中式供水(t≥1.851,P<0.05),且儿童高于成人,男性高于女性,健康风险也是一致的。结论远安县农村饮用水氟、砷的健康风险处于低水平。

Objective To understand the current levels of fluorine and arsenic in drinking water in rural areas of Yuanan,and to assess the health risks. Methods Drinking water samples were collected according to GB/T5750-2006 guideline from randomly selected 107 villages.t test was used to analyze data and health risk assessment was performed based on the method recommended by USEPA. Results The average arsenic concentration in drinking water was 0.001 06mg/L with the highest of 0.004mg/L.The overall annual health risks were 5.533 5×10^-6 and 2.086 9×10^-6,respectively,which remained at low level regardless of age and gender.The average concentration of fluoride was 0.23mg/L,with the highest level of 1.6mg/L.The annual health risks were 1.334 1×10^-9 and 9.280 5×10^-8,respectively,which in general was not considered to be a risk to health,although the maximum value surpassed the national health standard requirement.The average concentrations of both fluorine and arsenic were higher in sporadic water supply than that in centralized water supply（t≥1.851,P〈0.05）,and were also higher in children and male adults as well. Conclusions The concentrations of fluorine and arsenic in drinking water in rural areas of Yuan′an are at relatively low levels which almost post no threat to human health.