广州市HIV/AIDS病人社会支持现状及影响因素分析

Social support and the associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Guangzhou

目的 探讨广州市艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）病人（简称HIV/AIDS病人）社会支持现状及其影响因素。方法 通过方便抽样法,随机抽取广州市第八人民医院HIV/AIDS病人412例,采用自行设计的调查问卷进行调查。使用简体中文版医疗社会支持量表对HIV/AIDS病人的社会支持现状进行评定,采用单因素和多重线性回归分析方法对结果进行分析。结果 HIV/AIDS病人社会支持、信息情绪性支持、实际性支持、社会互动性支持和情感性支持得分,分别为（48.1±27.8）分、（47.5±29.5）分、（48.7±30.2）分、（48.6±29.5）分和（47.7±30.8）分,总分及各维度得分均低于一般慢性病病人得分。社会支持网络成员中位数为2（0~10）。多因素分析结果显示,年龄较小、已婚/同居、家庭月收入〉5000元、城镇户籍等,是感染者社会支持、信息情绪性支持、社会互动性支持和情感性支持的有利因素;同性恋/双性恋/不确定性取向为情感性支持的不利因素,独居是实际性支持的不利因素。结论 广州市HIV/AIDS病人社会支持较低,年龄、婚姻、收入、户籍、性取向和居住状况等,是社会支持及各维度支持的影响因素。

Objective We examined different dimensions of social support and their influencing factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Guangzhou. Methods Convenient sampling method and self-designed questionnaire were used. The Simplified Chinese version of Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey （MOS-SSS） was uti- lized to measure the social support of the 412 people living with HIV/AIDS（PLWHA） in Guangzhou, China. Multi- variate stepwise linear regression models were performed. Results The overall score of social support and scores of each dimension, namely, information-emotional support, tangible support, positive interaction support and affection support were （48.1±27.8）, （47.5±29.5）, （48.7±30.2）, （48.6±29.5） and （47.7±30.8）, respectively. All the scores were lower than those of the patients with other chronic diseases. The median of the social network mem- hers was 2 （0,10）. Results of multivariate linear regression indicated that younger in age, heing married/in cohabi- tation, having monthly income of more than 5000 RMB and holding urban household registration were positively as- sociated with the overall social support and information-emotional support, positive interaction support and affection support. Whereas homosexual/bisexual/uncertain sexual orientation was negatively associated with affection support and living alone was negatively associated with tangible support. Conclusion Social support of PLWHA in Guang- zhou, China, was lower compared to people with other chronic diseases. Age, marital status, monthly income,household registration, sexual orientation and living arrangement are the influencing factors of their social support.