功能纤维的重要进展

The important developments of functional fibers

综述了主要功能纤维的重要进展。东洋纺的三醋酸纤维素（CTA）中空纤维反渗透膜（RO）膜90％用于海水淡化，在中东地区占据50％以上的市场，而新开发的正渗透（FO）膜更为节能；中空纤维气体分离膜和渗透汽化（PV）膜在混合气体分离和醇．水混合气体分离精制方面获得新进展；中空纤维超滤（UF）和微滤（MF）膜在减少膜的污染已取得重要进展，中空纤维离子交换膜在日本已成功应用于蛋白质精制；聚乳酸（PLA）今后以年需求10％~20％增长，其纤维及非织造布在我国已应用于汽车内饰和沙漠绿化；纳米纤维（NF）的制造工艺朝高效化和均质化发展，我国已用于伤口敷料、卫生用品、气液体滤材、印刷材料、隔热材料、质子交换膜等；光导纤维在日本已用于遥控海底无人探查机并通过卫星探查海底资源，可乐丽公司利用塑料光纤中的芯材加入荧光剂来检测放射线物质，获2013年度纤维学会技术奖；导电纤维非织造布可用于加热体，超吸附纤维可用于伤口护理、吸血材料、土木织物、电缆阻水纱线等，而新型调温纤维已用于18种服装并可染色。

The important developments of main functional fibers were summarized. CTA hollow fiber membrane produced by Toyobo 90% used in sea water desalination, which makes up more than 50% market share in middle east district, while new type hollow fiber FO membrane will more energy saving for desalination of sea water. Hollow fiber gases separation membranes and PV membranes got new developments in gases mixture and alcohol-water separation; Hollow fiber UF and MF membranes got important developments in membrane fouling reduction during drinking water treatment, while anion-exchange porous hollow fiber membrane has used for purification of protein successfully; The demand of PLA fiber will increase 10%~20%, while their fiber and nonwoven fabric have used in automotive inner decorations and made desert green; The technologies ofnanofibers are became more deficiency and evenness, they have used in wound dressing, hygiene nonwovens air and liquid filtration media, printing and material thermal insulation, proton exchange membrane etc. in China; As to light transmitting fiber has used as remote control of unmanded scout to scout around bottom of the sea for exploring resources through satellite in Japan, while Kuraray detect radiant material through adding fluorescent material in the core of plastic optical fiber in Japan, so awarded technical prize from Japan Fiber Society; Electric conducting fiber nonwoven fabric can be used for heater, super absorbent fibers have used in advanced wound care products, absorbent food pads, water blocking geotextiles, water- blocking yams for cable, while novel temperature regulating fibers have used in 18 garments and they can be dyed.