四川戏曲雕塑的历史、分类及特点

The History,Category and Features of Sichuan Opera Sculptures

戏曲雕塑是指以戏曲人物故事、舞台场景、服饰道具等为内容的雕塑。四川戏曲雕塑具有悠久的历史、丰富的类型和独特的风格。根据四川戏曲发展的轨迹,可将它们分为孕育期(宋以前)、形成期(宋金两代)和繁盛期(元明清)三个阶段,每个阶段皆有其独特形态和历史原因。根据其所隶属的载体的不同,可将它们分为传统建筑类、牌坊类、墓葬类和其他类四大类,每类都彰显了戏曲对雕塑的广泛影响,都呈现出深刻的宗教、民俗内涵。它们在与载体的关系方面,在内容主题的选择方面,在地域特色的表现方面,均具有独特的风格。

Opera sculptures refer to the sculptures with a content of Opera stories, scenes, props and cos- tumes. Sichuan Opera Sculptures have got a long history, a diversity of types as well as a unique style. Ac- cording to the development of Sichuan Opera, the development of Opera sculptures in Sichuan can also be divided into three period - the Incubation Period （pre -Song Dynasty）, the Formation Period （Song and Jin Dynasties） and the Prospering Period （Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties）, and each with its special form and causes. According to different carriers, they can be classified into the category of traditional architec- ture, the category of arch, the category of tombs and other categories, each presenting the pervasive influ- ence of opera on the sculptures, and all showing the deep connotation of religion and folk customs. The Si- chuan opera sculptures do have a unique style on the aspects of the relation between the sculptures and their carriers, the choices of their contents and themes, and the representation of local characteristics.