商业银行监管困境化解的法律路径探析——以“原则监管”与“规则监管”的协调实施为中心

Exploration and Analysis of Legal Path to Defuse Supervision Dilemma of the Commercial Bank——Taking Coordination Between “Principle Supervision”and “Rule Supervision”as a Center

金融市场上内生存在的信息不对称、不完全竞争和负外部性问题要求监管当局对商业银行实施有效监管。我国银行监管机构实施的传统的规则监管模式缺乏应有的适应性和灵活性,在实践中陷入"一管就死,一放就乱"的监管困境。原则监管模式以概括性的原则作为主要监管依据,既能够确保监管的有效性,又赋予商业银行更多的经营自主权并可降低合规成本,代表了银行监管模式的发展方向。基于制度变迁的路径依赖与当前金融市场发展水平的制约,我国目前并不具备全面实施原则监管的条件。可行方法是针对商业银行业务经营的不同领域和银行金融产品的特点,将原则监管与规则监管协调实施,互为补充,探索化解商业银行监管困境的合理路径。

Information asymmetry, incomplete competition and negative externalities of finaneiaJ markets require supervision authorities to implement effective supervision. The traditional rulebased regulations implemented by regulatory authorities in China lack adaptability and flexibility, and thus in practice they fall into supervision dilemma. Principlesbased supervision mode takes the general principles as the main supervision basis, which not only ensures regulatory effectiveness, but also gives the commercial banks business autonomy and reduces the cost of compliance. It represents the development direction of the bank supervision mode. Based on the path dependence of institutional change and the restriction of current financial market development level, our country does not have the condition to implement principlesbased supervision completely at present. Feasible method is to coordi nate and implement the principles of regulation and the rules of supervision, and explore the reasonable path to defuse the supervi sion dilemma of commercial banks, according to the business scope of commercial banks and the characteristics of financial prod ucts.