凝视:《不能承受的生命之轻》的女性主义解读

Gazing: A Feminist Interpretation of The Lightness of Unbearable Life

《不能承受的生命之轻》是米兰·昆德拉的代表作品,其中蕴含着丰富的女性主义思想。用凝视的性别意识来解读这部作品,我们可以从三个不同的视角来解读小说中的女性形象。第一个视角是被凝视的女性群体,如小说中的特蕾莎等,这类女性在男权理念的重压下主体性逐渐丧失,成为了男性世界的附属品。第二个视角是被凝视女性之间的相互凝视,如小说中特蕾莎与萨比娜,她们之间的微妙关系折射出了被压迫女性之间的惺惺相惜。最后一个视角是反凝视的女性群像,如以萨比娜为代表的少数女性追求自我,面对男权的束缚与压制,从心底发出了声声呐喊,用无畏的抗争彰显出了强烈的女性意识。不幸的是,在一个男权至上的社会,女性们的呐喊是无力的,她们的努力是徒劳的,而她们的命运也是注定了的悲剧。

The Lightness of Unbearable Life is Milan Kundla＇s representative work. It contains rich feminist thoughts. To gaze the work with gender consciousness, we can interpret the images of women in the novel from three different perspectives. The first is the group of women who are being gazed at, such as Teresa in the novel. Under the weight of patriarchal concept, they have gradually lost their subjectivity so as to become men＇s accessories. The second is the mutual gazing among the women who are be ing gazed, such as Teresa and Sabine in the novel. Their subtle relationships refract the freemasonry among the oppressed women. The last is the group images of the anti gazing female, such as the few women represented by Sabine. They pursue Egoidentity, cry from the bottom of their hearts in the face of the bondage and oppression of male power, and underline their strong feminine consciousness with fearless struggles. Unfortunately, in a patriarchal society, women＇s cry is weak, their efforts are futile, and their fates are doomed to be tragedies.