390例小儿脑瘫高危因素分析及干预对策

目的分析小儿脑瘫的相关高危因素,为早期干预提供依据。方法对入选患儿家属发放脑瘫相关高危因素调查问卷,问卷包括患儿的年龄、性别、围生期因素、新生儿因素、母亲因素、父亲因素、孕期母亲居住环境和是否接触有害物质等内容,分析小儿脑瘫的相关因素。结果高危因素的CP患儿占85.64%,其主要的高危因素依据其频率,排名前10位的依次是早产、出生低体质量、先兆流产、病理性黄疸、新生儿感染、新生儿ABO溶血、新生儿颅外伤及颅内出血、新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、母亲妊娠期感染、高血压、糖尿病等,具有2项、3项及以上高危因素叠加患儿分别有109例、152例,分别占总病例的27.95%、38.97%。结论消除或减低脑瘫发生率的关键是围生期保健,预防先兆流产、早产和低体质量,及时有效预防或干预新生儿窒息等。

Objective To analyze the related risk factors of cerebral palsy（CP） children, which provide the basis for early intervention. Method The questionnaire of the high risk factors of cerebral palsy for the families of the children was released, which included age, gender, perinatal factor, neonatal factor, mother factor, father factor, maternal living environment and whether exposure to harmful substances and so on, and the related risk factors of cerebral palsy（CP） children were analyzed. Results CP children accounted for 85.69% of the high-risk factors, the top 10 of the main risk factors were based on their frequency were：preterm birth, low weight, threatened abortion, pathological jaundice, during pregnancy and neonatal infections, neonatal ABO hemolytic, neonatal cranial trauma and intracranial hemorrhage, neonatal hypoxic ischemia encephalopathy, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, the mother during pregnancy infection, hypertension, diabetes, There were 2 cases of,3 and more high risk factors superimposed respectively 109 cases, 152 cases, the total cases were 27.95%, 38.97%respectively.Conclusion The key of eliminate or reduce the incidence of CP are that the perinatal period care, prevention of threatened abortion, preterm delivery and low weight, timely and effective prevention or intervention of neonatal asphyxia.