苗族村寨防火制度研究——以贵州省黔东南州雷山县西江村为例

The Research of Miao Villages' Fire Prevention Mechanism:As the example of Xijiang village,Leishan county,Qiandongnan prefecture of Guizhou province

苗族村寨多建于高山、山腰和江岸河畔,因地势而形成吊脚式木结构房屋,因此易引发大规模火灾,造成巨大的损失。民族村寨防火问题是亟需解决的现实问题,但《消防法》及配套立法对此关注甚少,学界研究资料也较为不足。近年来,在西江苗族聚居地区,国家和地方政府对于消防投入了大量资源,其与苗族习惯法中的制度形成了良性的互补互动,充分发挥了人民群众的积极性,取得了良好的防火效果。这种政府与民间力量相结合的新型防火制度充分调动了基层社会治理力量,体现了"小政府、大社会"的理念,也是创新社会管理体制中的典范。

Miao＇ s houses were built in the mountains, hillsides, and alongside the riverbank. Partic- ularly, due to the terrain, their architectures were the unique wooden stilted buildings which are more fragile in face of fire hazards. Fire-proofing is one of the terrifically urgent issues in minority ethnic villages, but the Fire Prevention Law and other related legislations, as well as the systematic researches have paid insufficient attention to it. In recent years, the national and local governments have spent vast resources on the Miao village＇ s fire prevention, which forms the benign interaction with the village＇ s fire-proof mechanism in Miao＇ s customary law. This kind of new fire prevention method is the model of how to innovate the social management mechanism. It mobilizes the force of the grassroots social governance and elaborates the idea of ＂a small government in a large society＂