苗族“鼓社祭”中的族群认同整合——以黔东南J村为例

Miao's Ethnic Identity Integration in the Memorial Ceremony:A Case Study of J Village in the Southeast of Guizhou Province

"鼓社祭"是苗族构建自身族群认同的重要仪式行为。通过对贵州黔东南J村的田野考察,对该仪式进行了分析。认为苗族"鼓社祭"是苗族族群认同的重要场域。在J村,"鼓社祭"承载了"血缘"与"地缘"双重身份认同的功能,通过一系列仪式性行为,实现了以"血缘"关系为主导、辅之以"地缘"关系的族群认同整合,形成了家族、家园、民族的三角整合结构。在当前人口跨区域流动增加、传统社会结构日渐解体的大背景下,J村的个案说明了少数民族以传统文化资源应对认同危机的努力。

＂Memorial Ceremony＂ is an important ritual activity for the Miao people to build their own ethnic identity. Through analyzing the ＂ Memorial Ceremony＂ in the fieIdwork of J village in the Southeast of Guizhou Province, the author believes that the Miao ＂Memorial Ceremony＂ is an impor- tant field for building Miao ethnic identity. In J village, ＂Memorial Ceremony＂ undertakes double i- dentity function with ＂blood ties＂ and ＂geopolitical ties＂. Through a series of ritual activities, ＂Memorial Ceremony＂ achieves ethnic identity integration which is oriented by ＂blood ties＂ relationship and supplemented by ＂geopolitical ties＂, forming a triangle consolidation structure based on family, home, and ethnic group. Currently, in the background of increasing the mobility of cross-regional population and the disintegration of the traditional social structure, the case of J village examines the efforts of dealing with ethnic identity crisis by traditional cultural resources.