《文选》鸟兽赋之寒士心态探微

The Mentality of Intellectuals in the Poems of Birds and Beasts in Wenxuan

《文选》所录五篇鸟兽类赋作是汉魏六朝时期此类作品的名篇。其作者大多出身寒微,他们在赋作中通过鸟兽形象表达寒士心声、抒发情志。这些作品饱含着寒族文士避祸自守、明德善终、追求自由的精神寄托,在体物手法上也丰富多彩,达到了物我融合的艺术境界。出身寒门、身处乱世、昧于自处等原因最终导致了寒族文士的人生悲剧。寒族士人笔下的鸟兽群像,融入了他们的人生体验和身世感伤,为中国文学增添了个性与张力,形成了与士族文学不同的风貌。

The five poems of birds and beasts in Wenxuan are the famous works in the Han-Wei and the Six dynasties. The authors of these poems are mostly of humble origins. They expressed themselves, their sentiments and ambitions through the images of birds and beasts in their poems. These works embodied the authors＇ spiritual sustenance of protecting themselves by avoiding troubles, advocating virtues, seek- ing good ending, and pursuing freedom. These works use various methods in describing things and have reached the artistic level integrating thing and man into one. The humble origin, living in troubled times and the thought to protect themselves led to the tragic life of the literary men of humble background. The images of birds and beasts under the pen of intellectuals of humble origin contained their experiences and sentiments, which increased personality and vigor for Chinese literature and created a different style from the literature of upper class elites.