生命周期中教育收益率变动轨迹分析

The Trajectory of Returns to Education in Life Cycle

有很多使用长期面板数据的研究指出,当期收入与终身收入并不平行,表明教育收益率在生命中的不同时期可能是有差异的。认识教育收益率的异质性是有效制定相关政策的基础,也是研究领域非常值得关注的问题,但是很少有研究分析教育收益率在生命周期中的异质性。本研究使用中国家庭健康与营养调查面板数据以及多水平分析方法,探讨了教育收益率在生命周期中的变动轨迹,并进行了性别差异分析。研究发现:教育收益率在整个生命周期中呈现先上升后下降的倒U型分布,在初期为负值;在生命周期前期女性的教育收益率高于男性,后期是男性高于女性;教育水平越高,收入增长所持续的时期越长。

It is proved that the current income is not parallel with the life-cycle earnings, which implies that the returns to education may be different with age during one＇ s whole life. The heterogeneity of returns to education is a focus problem in the research field, but rare research has investigated the heterogeneity during one＇ s life cycle. Applying the CHNS data and multilevel method, this paper analyzes the trajectory of returns to education during one＇ s life and the gender difference of the trajectory. It is found that ： the returns to education appear inverted U-shape during one＇ s life, and are negative at the beginning; female＇ s return to education is higher than male＇ s during the early period of life, but lower during the later period ~ the higher one＇ s education is, the longer one＇ s income remains growing.