现代国际机场：提升区域竞争力的新型航空商业模式

International Airports:Commercial Magnets and Critical Business Infrastructure

现代国际机场已经由20世纪的公共交通枢纽演变成21世纪的战略商业基础设施。在这个过程中,机场吸引了城市中心几乎所有的传统商业活动。这也使它们由最初的"城市机场"转变成城市经济版图的自有品牌——航空城。在成为全球商业支柱和投资热点之后,一些枢纽机场也让它们所在的城市获得绝对的区域经济竞争优势。国际机场对面向全球的、对时间敏感的企业尤其重要——这些企业对高管、客户以及货物快速、高效的长途运输更加依赖。它们对寻求多元化经济,扩大出口,吸引投资,吸引高消费游客的许多城市和地区至关重要。亚洲和中东各国政府都明白这一点,正在积极建设机场、扩大机场规模并使其现代化,同时提供独特的乘客体验、奢侈品购买和服务,并通过建设独特的航站楼来提升国家形象。中国在机场新建、扩建及现代化方面已处于世界领先地位,并且正在充分利用这些投资以增强其企业竞争力,促进经济发展并满足其日益增长的航空需求。我们需要探讨的主要问题是:剖析航空驱动区域竞争力提升和经济发展的"第五轮冲击波"理论;剖析当今门户机场的航空商业模式;论证私有部门的操作原则是如何更有效地被引入管理机场的商业功能;提供机场对区域经济影响的一些具体案例;讨论亚洲和中东地区如何发展其航空中心来招揽未来全球业务;评估中国机场建设热潮的财务可行性及其相对优点。

International airports have moved beyond 20th-century centers of mass transit to also become 21st-century strategic business infrastructure. In the process, they are attracting nearly all commercial activities traditionally found in urban centers. Becoming major business magnets, some airport areas now rival the cities they serve for regional economic dominance. International airports are particularly vital to globally oriented, time-sensitive firms- those that depend on fast and efficient long-distance transport of executives, clients, and goods.They are also key to cities and regions seeking to diversify their economies, boost exports, attract investment, and draw tourists. Governments in Asia and the Middle East understand this. They are aggressively building, expanding, and modernizing airports to attract business while providing unique passenger experiences, luxurious goods and services,and architecturally marketing their nations.China is the world＇s leader in airport construction, expansion, and modernization, leveraging such investment for business competitiveness and economic development as well as to meet its growing aeronautical needs. This paper I） describes the ＂Fifth Wave＂ of aviation-driven competitiveness and economic development; 2） examines the commercial anatomy of today＇s air gateways; 3） shows how private-sector operational principles are being introduced to manage airport commercial functions more efficiently; 4） provides specific examples of regional economic impacts of airports; 5） discusses how Asia and the Middle East are developing their air hubs to capture tomorrow＇s global business; and 6） assesses the financial viability and relative merits of China＇s airport construction boom.