论“发愤著书”说的源起及发展

On the Origin and Development of "Making a Determined Effort to Create Books"

"发愤著书"是中国古代文论史上一个由来已久的重要命题,它揭示了文学创作的动力。尽管正统的儒家文艺思想强调"发乎情,止乎礼仪",但更多身处逆境的文学家们依然走向了一条叛逆之路,提出了"发愤著书"之说。从春秋时期孔子到明代的李贽,他们结合各自所处的时代、个人的遭遇、创作体会,对"发愤著书"理论进行补充、发展,为我们总结了古典文学创作中的"发愤"史,从中也体现了中华民族"穷且益坚"的民族精神。

“Making a determined effort to create books”, a long-standing important proposition in China＇s ancient history of literature theory, reveals the driving force of literary creation. It is emphasized in orthodox Confucian literary thought that “things taking place out of emotions should stop out of morality and eti-quette”, but more men of letters in adversity still took a road of rebellion, and proposed the theory of“making a determined effort to create books”. From Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Pe-riod to Li Zhi in Ming Dynasty, they complement and develop the theory of“making a determined effort to create books”combining with specific times, personal sufferings and creation experiences, having summarized a history of“making a determined effort” in classical literature creation for us, and reflected the Chinese na-tional spirit of“more adverse, more strenuous”.