试论明清科举制度对士人知识视野的影响

Theory of the Influence of the Ming and Qing Dynasty Imperial Examination System for Scholars' Knowledge Horizons

明清时代是我国古代科举制度发展的鼎盛时期,科举制度是当时人才选拔的首要途径,对士人知识视野影响有一定积极作用,表现为:统一了不同民族的知识认知,促进民族地区融合;选拔出大批优秀知识分子,为早期的社会发展做出巨大贡献;士人学习儒家知识转变为对程朱理学的思想信仰。更为主要是对士人知识视野的消极影响,表现为:使士人思想僵化,知识视野受限;扼杀士人的创新能力;排斥科学技术知识。

The Ming and Qing Dynasty was the heyday of the im-perial examination system in ancient China＇s development. The imperial examination system was the primary way to personnel selection. Its impact on the horizons of knowledge scholars had some positive effects, such as：unified knowledge cognitive of dif-ferent nationalities, and promoted the integration of national re-gional; selected a large number of outstanding intellectuals,and made a great contribution on the early social development;trans-formed scholars＇ learning of Confucian knowledge into the ideo-logical belidfs to the Neo-Confucianism. More importantly, it had some negative influences on the scholars＇ knowledge horizons, such as： it made scholars＇ ideology rigid, limited horizons of knowledge;strangled innovation capacity of scholars and exclud-ed scientific and technical knowledge.