美国教育“积极行动”政策的意义、内涵与启示

Affirmative Action in American Ethnic Education Policies:Significance,Connotation and Inspiration

"积极行动"(Affirmative Action)是指美国联邦政府推行的旨在消除就业和教育领域对少数族裔、妇女、残疾人、退伍军人等弱势群体歧视的各种政策和措施的总称。自20世纪60年代以来,美国民族教育政策中的"积极行动"发展至今,在少数族裔录取、资助以及教师录用、司法审判等方面发挥了深远影响,在美国民族教育甚至美国社会发展中具有里程碑意义,也对我国民族教育的发展具有一定的启示作用。

Affirmative Action is the general term for all policies and measures taken by the federal government of America to eliminate prejudice against disadvantaged groups such as ethnic groups, women, disabled people and veterans in employment and education. From the 1960s till today, Affirmative Action has exerted a profound and significant influence on student enrollment, student aid, teacher recruitment and judicial judgment. It is of milestone significance in American ethnic education and even in American social development. Besides, it also provides inspirations for the development of ethnic education in China.