某州2006年~2013年狂犬病的流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis on the Rabies in A Statae from 2006 to 2013 Years

目的分析2006年∽2013年恩施州狂犬病发病情况,了解其流行规律,为科学防治提供依据。方法收集2006年∽2013年恩施州狂犬病个案资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果恩施州2006年∽2013年共报告98例狂犬病病例,夏秋季发病较多,病死率100%。男性多于女性,男女性别比1.85∶1,40∽69岁发病占62.24%,病例以农民为主,占82.98%。恩施州狂犬病平均潜伏期75 d,病程4.5 d。72.45%的病例未处理伤口,90.82%的病例接种狂犬疫苗,96.94%的病例未使用抗狂犬血清。结论狂犬病疫情与犬只数量大、免疫率低以及农村地区群众受动物伤害后处置不及时、不规范密切相关。预防狂犬病,应加强部门间协调配合,对犬实行＂登、免、限、管、灭＂相结合的综合防治措施;广泛开展狂犬病防治知识宣传;加强犬伤情况及狂犬病疫情监测;提高狂犬病暴露后规范处置率及免疫接种率。

Objective To analyze the incidence of rabies from 2006 to 2013 in Enshizhou, and understand the epidemic regularity, provide basis for the disease prevention and cure. Method Collecting the rabies cases from 2006 to 2013 of Enshizhou and using descriptive epidemiologic methods for statistical analysis. Results Total of 98 human rabies cases were reported from 2006 to 2013, most of the cases happened in summer and autumn, the fatality rate was 100%. The incidence rate of men were more than women, the sex ratio of male to female was 1.85∶1, 62.24% of cases were in the age group of 40∽69 years,most cases were farmers（82.98%）. Rabies mean latency period was 75 days in Enshizhou, disease course was 4.5 days. 72.45% cases untreated the wounds, 90.82% did not injection rabies vaccine, 96.94% did not take anti rabies serum. Conclusions The rabies epidemic situation of Enshizhou were relevant to dogs quantity, low vaccination rate, disposal not in time and unstandard. The rabbits prevention should strengthen the coordination of departments, execute comprehensive prevention and control measures. Development rabies prevention knowledge propaganda, strengthen the rabies epidemic monitoring and vaccinate.