浅析我国潜在优势非金属矿产资源的开发利用与保护——以内蒙古乌兰察布市石墨、萤石、电气石矿为例

Study on Exploitation and Protection of Potential Advantages Non-Metallic Mineral Resources in China——Case in Graphite, Fluorite, Tourmaline in Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia

内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市,以石墨、电气石、萤石等为代表的非金属矿产资源相当丰富,且矿石品级好、质量高,潜在开发利用价值极高。但是国内长期以来在非金属矿物的开发利用与经营管理方面相对粗放,产品低端,技术水平和加工能力低,开采消耗量大,造成资源浪费严重,经济转化效益不高,优势无法较好的释放。特别是对非金属矿的潜在优势估计不足,节约利用与有效保护方面重视不够,一直存在"低出高进、外国以购代采"的现象。笔者试图通过乌兰察布市较具代表性的几类非金属矿产的国内外开发利用现状、当地的潜在资源优势等分析,提出合理开发利用与保护潜在优势非金属矿产资源的对策:一是树立正确的资源观,清醒地认识到非金属矿的潜在优势,有必要作为国家重要战略资源进行限制性开采和必要的储备与保护;二是针对非金属矿山的资源整合,应以产业链的延伸和新兴矿物利用技术为准入门槛和发展方向,促进矿山的技术改造与产业升级;三是发挥政府的职能,借鉴我国近年在稀土资源管理方面的模式,进行顶层设计和政策扶持,有必要成立潜在优势非金属矿物开发利用的专门技术研究机构,进行有针对性的产品深加工技术研发与推广。

The non-metallic mineral resources is very rich in Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, as the representative of graphite, tourmaline and fluorite, the ore has good grade, high-quality and high potential development value. But for a long time in China, the exploitation and management of non-metallic mineral has an extensive mode, low-end products, low technology and processing capacity, large quantities of mining consumed, causing serious waste of resources, economic conversion efficiency is not high, the advantage cannot be better released, Especially underestimated on the potential benefits of non-metallic mineral, economical use and effective protection seriously enough, there has been ＂Low In High Out, Foreign country buy instead of mining＂. The author analyzes the development of the utilization status of several representative types of non-metallic mineral domestic and foreign, and the potential advantages of local resource. Proposed some countermeasures on rational exploitation and protection of the potential advantages of non-metallic mineral resources ： （1） Establish a correct outlook of resources, clearly recognize the potential benefits of non-metallic minerals, it is necessary as an important strategic resource exploitation and necessary restriction and conservationreserves. （2） For the integration of resources of nonmetal mines, should take extending the industrial chain and utilization technology of new mineral as entry threshold and development direction, to promote technological innovation and industrial upgrading of mine. （3） Play the functions of government, learn from the resource management patterns of rare earths in recent years, Carry the top-level design and policy support, Establish specialized technology research institute for exploitation of non-metallic mineral, take technology research and development and promotion for deep-processing of product.