试析20世纪非洲经济的两次转型

On the two Economic Transformation of Africa in the 20^(th) Century

非洲大陆在20世纪经历了两次经济转型。20世纪初,在西方资本主义扩张浪潮中,非洲沦为西方殖民地。殖民当局通过各种手段,包括经济手段与超经济的行政手段,强行推动非洲从传统经济向殖民地经济的转型。这次转型在二战前夕完成,非洲经济成为西方资本主义经济的附庸。1960年代非洲国家独立后,开始了第二次经济转型。为了消除殖民地经济遗毒,建立独立的民族经济,并且向现代化过渡,非洲国家先后经历了独立初期的仿效外部发展模式和1980年代的结构调整,但是效果并不理想。在总结历史经验的基础上,非洲国家在1990年代提出了"联合自强、自主发展"发展战略,并且取得了一定的进展。

The African continent has experienced two economic transformation in the 20th century. At the be- ginning of 20th century, Africa was colonized by Western powers in the capitalist expansion wave. The West colonial authorities took various means, including economic means and super economic means, to force Afri- ca from traditional economy into colonial economy. This transformation completed on eve of the second world war and African economy become subservient to the Western capitalist economy. After independence in 1960s, African countries started the second economic transformation. In order to eliminate the colonial lega- cy, to establish an independent national economy, and to transit to modernization, African countries copied the external development model in early time, and structural adjustment in 1980s. But the effect was not good. In 1990s, on the basis of summarizing the historical experience, African countries put forward the strategy of ＂solidarity, self - reliance and endogenous development＂ and made a certain progress. This article compares the external conditions, the process of economic transformation, and the historical influence be- tween two economic transformation.