纳米铝粉的固相化学还原法制备、表征及对ADN热分解性能的影响

Solid Phase Chemical Reduction Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminum Nanopowders and the Effect on the Thermal Decomposition of ADN

以山梨糖醇酐三油酸酯(Span-85)作为过程控制剂,通过氢化铝锂还原无水氯化铝,采用高能机械球磨法制备了纳米铝粉(n-Al)。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨率透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)仪及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)仪对其形貌和结构进行了表征。用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对ADN(二硝酰胺铵)、n-Al/ADN的热分解反应特性进行了研究。结果表明:纳米铝粉属立方晶系,表面包覆有无定型Al2O3氧化物及部分表面活性剂Span-85,同时制备的纳米铝粉试样中含少量Al Cl3·6H2O杂质;此方法制备的n-Al粒子对ADN液化温度几乎没有影响,但放热分解温度明显增大,且ADN分解由多重峰变为单一的尖峰。

Aluminum nanopowders（n-Al） were synthesized via reduction of aluminum chloride anhydrous by lithium aluminum hydride with a mechanical ball-milling method,using Span-85 as process control agent.The surface morphologies and structures were characterized by scanning electron microscope（SEM）,high resolution transmission election microscope（TEM）,X-ray diffraction（XRD） instrument,Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）.The thermal decomposition process of ADN and composite system n-Al/ADN were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）.The results show that aluminum nanopowders belong to the cubic crystal system,and their surface is coated with amorphous oxide Al2O3 and surfactant Span-85.At the same time,the samples contain a small amount of impurities AlCl3·6H2O.Aluminum nanopowders have little influence on the liquefaction temperature of ADN,but the decomposition temperature increases significantly,and the decomposition of ADN becomes from multiple peak into a single spike.