头颈部肿瘤患者放射治疗后食欲下降及相关不良反应分析

Analysis of decreased appetite and related side effects in patients with head and neck tumor patients after radiotherapy

目的探讨头颈部肿瘤患者放射治疗与食欲及相关不良反应的关系。方法分析117例头颈部肿瘤患者接受放射治疗后每日唾液生成情况、镇痛药物使用、口腔护理的频率及食欲变化。结果 20 Gy放射剂量时,食欲下降受Brinkman指数、年龄及味觉敏感性影响(P<0.001);30 Gy放射剂量时,食欲下降主要受口腔护理的次数、口腔干燥症、年龄、味觉敏感性及口腔黏膜炎影响(P<0.001);50 Gy放射剂量时,食欲下降受清晨唾液生成减少、口腔护理次数、口腔干燥症及黏膜炎、镇痛药物使用及味觉敏感性影响(P<0.001)。结论为预防头颈部肿瘤患者放射治疗后食欲下降,相关护理应根据放射的剂量和具体方案实行,这对改善患者放射治疗后的饮食及生活质量有着重要临床意义。

Objective To analysis of decreased appetite and related side effects in patients with head and neck tumor patients after radiotherapy. Methods Factors （daily fluctuations in saliva produc- tion, analgesic use, frequency of oral care, subject characteristics and appetite） in 117 patients with head and neck tumor receiving radiation therapy were evaluated. Results At 20 Gy of radiation, appetite was related to Brinkman index value, age and sensitivity to taste （ P 〈 0. 001 ） ; At 30 Gy of radiation, appetite was affected by frequency of oral care, xerostomia symptoms, age, sensitivity to taste and oral mucositis （P 〈 0. 001 ） ; At 50 Gy of radiation, appetite was affected by low saliva production in the morning, fre- quency of oral care, xerostomia symptoms, sensitivity to taste, analgesic use and oral mucositis （P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusions To avoid decrease in appetite related to adverse effects of radiation therapy, we should given differ care according to the dosage and schedule of radiation therapy, which plays an important role in improving appropriate dietary intake and quality of life of patients with head and neck tumor patients after radiotherapy.