某电解铝厂周边居民尿氟水平及儿童氟斑牙患病状况

Urinary Fluoride Levels and Childhood Dental Fluorosis Prevalence among Residents near an Aluminium Factory

[目的]观察某电解铝厂周边居民的尿氟水平与每日摄氟量之间的关系,并探讨儿童氟斑牙与累计摄氟量之间的剂量效应关系。[方法]于2013年7月选择广西某电解铝厂周边0.3 km,1.3 km处分别选择3个和2个自然屯作为监测点1和2,于铝厂3.5 km处的1个自然屯作为对照点（监测点3）。于各监测点分别随机抽取50名以上当地出生、生活且无职业氟暴露史的居民（共计388人）作为调查对象。问卷调查膳食摄入量;收集其晨尿检测尿氟;对所有6-12岁儿童由专科医生进行氟斑牙检查;对各监测点空气、居民饮用水、农作物、蔬菜和肉类中的氟含量进行检测,评估儿童累计摄氟量与儿童氟斑牙患病率之间的关系。[结果]监测点1和2及对照点居民每日摄氟量分别为（0.73±0.13）、（0.70±0.11）、（0.39±0.03）mg/d,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;上述3组人群尿氟浓度分别为（1.80 0.84）、（1.44±0.86）、（0.71±0.39）mg/L,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;偏相关分析在控制年龄因素后,人群尿氟浓度与每日摄氟量相关系数r=0.441（P〈0.05）;在儿童累计摄氟量与儿童氟斑牙患病率的剂量效应关系研究中,计算出儿童累计摄氟量的基准剂量（BMD）和基准剂量95%可信区间下限（BMDL）分别为1 371.11 mg和572.98 mg。[结论]该电解铝厂周边居民尿氟浓度及儿童氟斑牙发病率均增高,可能与该厂排放污染物有关。

[ Objective J To evaluate the relationship between the urinary fluoride concentrations of residents around an electrolytic aluminum factory and their daily intake of fluorine, and the dose-effect relationship between the dental fluorosis of children and their cumulative intake of fluorine. [ Methods ] Three villages at 0.3kin and two villages at 1.3 km away from an electrolytic aluminum factory in Jiangxi were selected as monitoring site 1 and 2, and another village at 3.5 km away as control site （monitoring site 3）. A total of 388 local residents without fluoride exposure （at least 50 residents from each site） were randomly selected to fill a questionnaire on dietary intake and collect their morning urine samples. A dental fluorosis cheek was performed by specialists to children aged between 6 and 12 years. Fluorine contents in air, drinking water, crops, vegetables, and meat at each monitoring site were also detected to calculate the respondents＇ daily fluorine intake. The relationship between children＇s cumulative fluorine intake and the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis were evaluated. [ Results ] The daily fluorine intakes of residents at monitoring site 1, 2, and 3 were （0.73 ± 0.13）, （0.70 ± 0.11）, and （0.39 ± 0.03）rag/d, respectively, and there were significant differences （P〈0.05）. The urinary fluoride concentrations were （1.80 ± 0.84）, （1.44 ± 0.86）, and （0.71 ± 0.39） mg/L, respectively, and there were also significant differences among the residents of the three monitoring sites （P 〈 0.05）. After adjusting for age, the correlation coefficient between urinary fluoride concentration and daily fluorine intake was 0.441 （P〈 0.05）. The benchmark dose （BMD） and benchmark dose lower confidence limit （BMDL） of children＇s cumulative fluorine intake were calculated as 1371.11 mg and 572.98mg respectively. [ Conclusion ] The fluoride released into surrounding area by the electrolytic aluminum factory might be associated with increased urinary fluoride concentration of local population and elevated dental fluorosis among children.