论我国环境污染责任保险单行法的构建

On the Construction of Special Legislation of Environmental Liability Insurance in China

环境污染责任保险具有补充环境风险的行政监管、分散被保险企业的赔偿风险、及时救济受害人等环境、经济、社会方面的综合效益。我国2007年以来的试点实践已充分表明,缺乏相应的立法基础,环境污染责任保险事业的建立和发展必然陷入"叫好不叫座"的僵局。2014年修订通过的《环境保护法》仅增加了鼓励投保条款,尚无法满足现实需求。针对现有分散立法模式的缺陷、借鉴国际先进经验,我们应加快制定《环境污染责任保险法》,其立法框架也应当具有适应当代环保需要的结构特征。

The environmental liability insurance has environmental,economic and social function of supplementing the administrative governance of environmental risk,sharing the compensation risk of the insured,and remedying the victims in time. It was proved by China’s pilot practice from 2007,that the creation of environmental liability insurance,without the support of minimum legislative basis,has got into trouble of a deadlock named ＂good film but small audience＂. Announcement of the encouragement of insuring environmental liability by the State,which is the only related revision of the 2014 Amendment of the Environmental Protection Act（ EPA）,cannot break the deadlock. We have to research on how to make the Environmental Liability Insurance Act with a framework promoting environmental protection. This special legislation model has the foundation of practice requirements,defects of exiting decentralized legislation model,and successful oversea experiences.