领导者自我牺牲与情绪表达对下属合作的影响

How do Leaders Promote Cooperation?The Effects of Self-sacrifice and Emotional Expression

以往关于领导者自我牺牲行为促进下属员工合作的机制研究中,缺少对领导者情绪变量可能带来影响的关注,本研究采用实验室设计模拟"社会困境",通过录像视频展现"领导者"具体情绪表达(愉悦和悲伤),考察领导者情绪表达和自我牺牲行为对下属合作行为的作用。结果表明:领导自我牺牲行为及悲伤情绪表达对下属的合作行为(公共物品博弈中愿意捐献的资金更高)分别有显著的促进作用,但是仅在领导者表现愉悦时,自我牺牲对下属合作的机制呈显著的正向效应。本研究依据"情绪即社会信息(The emotions as social information,EASI)模型解读了领导和员工互动中情绪的社会功能,但其心理机制还有待进一步的探索。

Previous studies have found mixed results regarding the influence of positive and negative leader affect on follower performance. In addition, the effect of leaders＇ self-sacrifice on followers＇ cooperation need to explore broader range of leader behaviors to refine theories of charismatic leadership and coopera- tion. It is proposed that leader expression will not be ignored. So the present laboratory experiment was conducted to test the interaction effect in the content of social dilemma. The result shows that both self- sacrifice and leader sadness expression engender more cooperation. Though the interaction role is not sig- nificant, the positive effect of self-sacrifice is most strongly only when the leader expresses happiness. The present results are discussed in light of prior research on self-sacrifice and the emotion as social information model （EASI） in general and suggestions are made that future research needs to focus more on the emo- tional character of leadership and the psychological processes underlying these effects, especially in the context of Chinese Culture.