应对深水井喷的简易防喷器应急技术研究

Emergency Techniques for a Simple Blowout Preventer in the Case of a Deepwater Blowout

为有效解决深水井喷失控问题,研究了简易防喷器应急技术。采用预先危险性分析方法评估了简易防喷器作业风险,建立了隔水管-简易防喷器-导管耦合系统力学模型,研究了简易防喷器组合类型和配置方案的确定方法。以南海深水某油井为例,研究了顶张力、钻井船偏移、海流和关井压力对简易防喷器作业性能的影响,并基于极差分析和方差分析方法确定了影响简易防喷器作业性能的主要因素。研究表明,简易防喷器闸板数量对导管应力影响较小,为提高简易防喷器系统的可靠性,可选取五闸板简易防喷器;影响导管最大等效应力的因素依次为钻井船偏移、关井压力、海流流速和顶张力。根据简易防喷器应急技术研究结果进行应急预案制订和现场作业设计,可保障深水井喷应急作业的安全开展。

To effectively resolve the problem of out-of-control blowouts in deepwater wells,the research was conducted on the emergency technique of a simple blowout preventer for deepwater blowouts.The preliminary hazard analysis（PHA）was used for evaluating operation risks of the simple BOP and a mechanical analysis model was built for riser pipe-simple BOP-conductor coupling system to research a method for determining combination form and configuration scheme of the simple BOP.Some oil wells in the South China Sea were taken as examples to research the effects of top tension,drilling ship deviation,ocean current and shut-in pressure on operation performance of the simple BOP.Then,the goal was to determine important factors affecting operation performance of the simple BOP based on range and variance analysis.Research results showed that the ram quantity of the simple BOP had a small effect in conductor stress and five-ram simple BOP could be selected to improve system reliability of the simple BOP.The factors affecting maximum equivalent stress of the conductor were drilling vessel deviation,shut-in pressure,ocean current velocity and top tension.The research on emergency technique of simple blowout preventer could be carried out for emergency plan preparation and site operation design to ensure the safe implementation of emergency operations for deepwater blowouts.