国际视野中的托幼机构教育质量评估

The Educational Quality Evaluation for Nursery-kindergartens in the International Perspectives

对托幼机构教育质量的评估是一个尚未得到很好解决的问题。从国际范围看,影响较大的有"相对评估""结构—过程性评估"这两种学说。"相对评估"总结出了一些托幼机构教育评估的要素。"结构—过程性评估"则涉及结构性、过程性、联系性三个因素。结构性因素涉及班级规模大小、人员配置、教师培养质量、照管的稳定性、健康与安全、环境创设、照管过程的结构化等;过程性因素主要是教师和幼儿的相互作用,结构性因素和过程性因素相互影响;联系性因素尚无方案化的评估模式,主要可能涉及领导者的领导风格、托幼机构的工作气氛、教职工的薪酬、工作条件、托幼机构的承办者以及政府对托幼机构的管理办法等。

The evaluation of the educational quality to the nursery-kindergartens is a problem that remains to be solved.Viewed from the international scope,＂relative evaluation＂ and ＂structure-process evaluation＂ are the most influential two evaluation theories.＂Relative evaluation＂ sums up some important factors for the evaluation of nursery-kindergartens while the ＂structure-process evaluation＂ relates to the three factors of structure,process and association.The structure factors relates to the size of classes,staff allocation,teachers training quality,stable childcare,health and safety,environment facilities and structure-based childcare process.The process factors are mainly focused on the interaction between teachers and children.The structure factors and the process factors are inter-influential.The association factors still have no evaluation model,which may mainly relate to the leaders＇ leading styles,the working atmosphere of the nursery-kindergartens,teachers＇ salary,working condition,the managing approaches of the runners of nursery-kindergartens and the government,etc.