六氟化硫分解产物的皮肤防护物致敏性研究

Skin Sensitization Effects of Skin Protective Materials Targeting Sulfur Hexafluoride Decomposition Products

目的探讨用于六氟化硫（SF6）分解产物的皮肤防护物对豚鼠皮肤的致敏作用。方法选用体重200~300g普通级Dunkin Hartley雄性豚鼠,以葡萄糖酸钙（〈5%）＋碳酸氢钠（〈0.5%）混合物为皮肤防护物,以无菌蒸馏水为阴性对照,肉桂醛为阳性对照,采用局部封闭涂皮试验（BT法）和豚鼠最大值试验（GPMT）方法,于实验第1天分别对豚鼠皮肤封闭涂敷和皮内注射各组溶液进行诱导接触,BT法豚鼠在第7、14天进行同样皮肤封闭涂敷诱导,GPMT法豚鼠于第7天采用局部封闭涂皮进行诱导接触,均在末次诱导致敏后第14天进行皮肤涂敷激发接触,观察激发接触后24、48、72h的皮肤过敏反应情况。结果皮肤防护物BT法检测致敏率为10.00%,GPMT法检测致敏率为9.09%,致敏阳性反应的豚鼠皮肤可见散在或小块红斑;肉桂醛BT法致敏率为50.00%,GPMT法致敏率为100.00%,致敏阳性反应的豚鼠皮肤可见中度至重度的融合红斑、轻中度水肿;蒸馏水组豚鼠皮肤无致敏阳性反应,皮肤表现与正常皮肤基本一致。结论葡萄糖酸钙（〈5%）＋碳酸氢钠（〈0.5%）混合物作为SF6分解产物的皮肤防护物,可使豚鼠皮肤发生轻微的过敏性反应,为轻度致敏物。

Objective To study the skin sensitization effects of skin protective materials that can isolate and neutralize sul- fur hexafluoride decomposition products in guinea pigs. Methods Skin of male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs（200--300 g,regular grade） was exposed to a mixture of calcium gluconate（〈5%）and sodium bicarbonate（〈0.5 %）, sterile distilled water（negative control）and cinnamic aldehyde（positive control）by means of skin coating and intradermal injection on the first day in BT and GPMT method. It was treated with these agents by skin coating at 7 and 14 days in BT method , and at 7 days in GPMT method. The skin of guinea pigs was stimulated by challenge exposure 14 days after the last induction,and then the skin sensitization effects were observed 24 h,48 h or 72 h later. Results The skin sensitization rate of calcium gluconate（〈5%）and sodium bi- carbonate（〈0.5% ）mixture was 10.00 % and 9.09 % in BT and GPMT method, respectively. Only some discrete or small ery- themas were seen on the skin in this group. The sensitization rate of cinnamic aldehyde was 50.00% and 100.00% in BT and GPMT method,respectively,with moderate-to-severe fused erythemas and mild to-moderate edema found on the skin. Distilled water caused no sensitization effect on the skin. Conclusion The mixture of calcium gluconate （〈0.5%）and sodium bicarbonate （〈0.5% ）,as the skin protective material to isolate and neutralize sulfur hexafluoride decomposition products, can induce aller- gic responses on the skin of guinea pigs,and it seems to be a mild allergen.