黄浦江建闸潮波变形数值模拟及机理分析

Numerical Simulation and Mechanism Analyzing on Tidal Wave Deformation Downstream Sluice in Huangpu River Estuary

在受潮汐影响的黄浦江建闸坝会引起闸下河段的潮波变形。利用三维水动力数学模型模拟研究黄浦江建闸后闸下河段潮波变形情况,并进行了机理分析,为闸址选择提供重要参考。研究结果表明,闸下河段潮波变形主要表现为高潮位抬升、低潮位降低、潮差增大、涨潮历时缩短、落潮历时增加,且闸下高水位雍高由闸向口外逐渐减小。潮汐河口的潮波变形的主要原因是河口涨潮量与闸下河段水体容量之间的不匹配引起的潮汐动能与势能之间的转换,当河道容量小于涨潮量时,潮波变形以潮波高频振荡为主,且随离河口距离增大震荡频率减小、水位雍高增大:当河道容量与涨潮量接近时,水位雍高最大;当河道容量大于涨潮量时,潮波变形仍以水位雍高为主,随闸位上移水位雍高逐渐减小。

Building sluice in Huangpu River which is controlled by tide will cause tide wave deformation downstream. 3-D dynamic numerical model is used to simulate the tidal wave deformation downstream the sluice in this paper. The result shows that, the deformation performs mainly as high tidal lever upper, low tidal level lower, tidal range larger, flood tidal duration shorter and ebb tidal duration longer. The surge downstream sluice differs along the river. Usually, the surge increases from the estuary to sluice. The tidal deformation mainly depends on the combination of channel capacity downstream the sluice and flood tidal volume, the tidal deformation performs as high frequency oscillation with the frequency decreasing and the surge increasing as sluice moves upstream. When the channel capacity is close to the volume, the tidal deformation performs mainly as tidal level raising with the biggest surge all of the situation. When the channel capacity is bigger than the volume, tidal level surging is the main performance with the surge decreasing as sluice moves upstream.