冬枣种子休眠及促进萌发的研究

The Seed Dormancy and the Promoting Germination Methods of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 'Dongzao'

本文以冬枣杂交种子为材料,研究了贮藏时间、破壳处理、浸种处理、植物生长调节剂处理等因素对其萌发的影响,深入探讨冬枣种子的休眠和萌发特性。结果表明:冬枣种子需要经历后熟才能正常萌发,贮藏120 d后萌发率最高;种子的生活力随贮藏时间的增加而降低,贮藏360 d后具有生活力的种子比例从96.8%降到74.5%。木质化内果皮对种子的萌发有机械阻碍作用,同时对水分的吸收有阻碍作用。破壳处理可以显著提高种子萌发率;经浓硫酸浸泡后的枣核吸水速率明显提高,24 h可达到饱和。试验所采用药剂均能促进种子萌发,浓度是影响发芽率和发芽势的关键因子,采用0.2 mg·L的GA3浸种24 h是促进冬枣种子萌发的最佳方法,萌发率可达85%以上。本研究为枣树杂交子代育苗提供理论依据。

The seed of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ‘Dongzao＇was used to study the factors influencing seed germination,i. e.storage time, shell-breaking, seed soaking and hormone treatment, and the seed dormancy and germination characteristic were investigated in detail. The results showed that： 1） After-ripening is required for ‘Dongzao ＇seed germination,and 120 days of storage is the optimal. The seed viability was reduced along with storage time,and dropped from 96. 8% to 74. 5% after 360 days of storage. 2） Seed germination was influenced by the mechanical inhibition of its shell,and the shell hindered the absorption of water, also. The seed germination rate can be significantly improved by breaking shells. The water absorption rate was notably enhanced under concentrated sulfuric acid treatment and can be reach saturation in 24 hours. 3） Seed germination can be promoted by plant growth regulators,and the germination rate and germination energy were mainly affected by concentration. Soaking in 0. 2mg·L^-1GA3 for 24 hours is the best treatment for Dongzao seed germination with the germination rate above 85%.