村庄与人口搬迁对平朔矿区景观格局变化的影响

Analysis of Landscape Pattern in Pingshuo Open Coal Mines Under the Villages and the Migration

研究目的:研究因矿区扩大生产规模引致村庄和人口迁移对于矿区景观格局变化的影响。研究方法:以山西省平朔矿区为例,结合其开展的三次村庄和人口搬迁,通过1987年、1996年、2001年、2005年、2010年的陆地卫星TM影像数据分析,采用景观格局指数方法,分析平朔矿区土地利用和景观格局的变化。研究结果:1987-2010年,平朔矿区:(1)各景观类型的斑块面积均呈上升趋势,但因受到矿山生产影响的程度不同而各异;(2)矿坑、剥离区、边坡三类景观的形状指数呈上升趋势,复垦地呈缓慢增长趋势,建设用地呈明显的下降趋势;(3)边坡、矿坑、剥离区、矿山复垦地的最大斑块指数呈上升趋势,建设用地先升后降,整体呈上升的复杂态势;(4)各景观类型的聚集度指数缓慢增加,而分割度不断下降。研究结论:由矿区生产规模扩大引致的村庄和人口迁移,对于平朔矿区景观格局的变化具有一定的影响,但并不是直接的主导因素,矿区生产规模扩大的需求和规划才是直接的主导因素。因此,重要的是应当在矿区生产发展规划中加强对矿区生产与人的生活、社会和生态环境协调发展的统筹力度。对于已建的矿区而言,通过加强人、矿和生态环境的协调发展规划和调整,在矿区重建、矿区土地复垦、经济转型发展中,仍然能在较大程度上促进现有矿区的社会经济和环境的协调发展。

The purpose of this paper is to study the analysis of landscape pattern in Pingshuo Open Coal Mines under the villages and the migration. Method of technology combined with landscape ecology analysis is employed ,based on the TM images respectively obtained in 1987, 1996, 2001, 2005, 2010 with the villages and the migration. The result shows that the areas and aggregation degree of all kinds of landscape increased continually. With the rapid development of the mines, it is concluded that the impact of changes in the landscape of the population, villages and other human intervention factors has laid an important foundation for the sustainable planning of Pingshuo Open Coal Mines in the long term. It is the basis to summary landscape pattern variation and promote ecological civilization in mines.It is able to promote the economic and environment to harmony with the development of reconstruction in mine under economic transformation by the coordination of the population, the mines and ecological environment.