欲望是价值的原动力——对杜威价值哲学起点的再思考

Desire is the Motive Power of Value:Rethinking of Dewey's Value Philosophy Origin

杜威的价值哲学往往被视作实用主义、自然主义的代表,实际上,杜威的价值哲学同时还具有忧患主义、人本主义的一面,这在杜威把欲望作为价值哲学起点方面体现得尤为突出。在杜威看来,欲望是可观察、可变化、处在具体情境中的;欲望和理性之间并不冲突,禁欲纵欲皆不可取;不是意志、不是意向,而是欲望才是价值的真正动力;人们完全可以在情境中观察欲望,在努力中实现欲望,在欲望中实现价值。批判和改造杜威的思想,对于我们重新审视欲望、理解价值问题,仍然具有现实的意义。

Dewey's value philosophy is usually considered as the representative of pragmatism and naturalism,however,it also has suffering and humanism one side,especially when he considers desire as the origin of value philosophy. In his view,desire is observable,changeable and in a specific situation. There is no conflict between desire and reason,abstinence or fleshliness is undesirable. Not will or intention,but desire is the real power of value. Therefore,people can observe desire in a context,realize desire through efforts,and realize value in desire. It is useful to rethink and understand desire and value by criticizing and reforming Dewey's thoughts.