油田井下作业环保问题分析及防治技术

An Analysis of Environmental Issues with Downhole Oilfield Operations and Control Techniques

近年来,如何解决井下作业带来的环境污染问题已经成为油田工作的重中之重。油田井下作业过程中有很多环节都会造成环境污染,产生的污染物也种类繁多,比如污油水落地产生的污染,压井产生的有害泥浆造成的污染,井下作业废弃物造成的水污染,压井所需的压裂液和酸液造成的污染等。井下作业污染的特点包括污染范围较大,涉及面较广;污染物和污染源较为分散,排放没有一定的规则;污染物的种类和成分比较复杂。做好油田井下作业施工的环保工作非常重要,应该从施工过程中着手,有效运用井下作业施工现场配备的环保装置进行环境保护。首先要做好预防保障措施,做好井下作业的污水处理工作,对废弃压裂液和残酸进行有效的回收处理,对废弃泥浆采取重复利用或固化、无害化处理,采取措施预防或者减少井下作业废气污染。

In recent years,controlling environmental pollution caused by downhole operations has become a task of top priority for oilfields.Many components of a downhole oilfield operation can cause environmental pollu-tion and the pollutants produced vary,such as the pollution resulting from oily water coming to the surface,the pollution resulting from hazardous slurry from well killing,water pollution resulting from wastes from downhole operations and the pollution caused by fracturing fluids and acids needed by killing operations.Downhole operation-caused pollution is characterized by wide polluted and affected area,widely scattered pollutants and pollution sources,a lack of rules for pollutant discharge and complicated types and compositions of pollutants.It is very important to do a good job of environmental protection for downhole oilfield operations.Starting with the operation process,the operator should effectively utilize the environmental apparatus equipped where the downhole operation is being conducted to protect the environment.The operator should first put safeguard measures in place,well treat the sewage from downhole operations,effectively recover and treat waste fracturing fluids and residual acids,recycle or solidify or safely dispose of waste slurry,and take measures to prevent or reduce waste gas pollution from downhole operations.