老年胃肠道肿瘤患者营养风险评估及原因分析

Nutritional risks assessment and reasons analysis for elderly with gastrointestinal neoplasms

目的：研究老年胃肠道肿瘤患者的营养风险、营养不足发生率和原因分析，为存在营养不良及营养风险的患者及时接受营养支持提供参考依据。方法采用营养风险筛查2002研究2012年1月—2013年10月296例住院老年胃肠道肿瘤患者，全程记录住院期间是否接受肠外、肠内营养支持及途径。分析营养风险和原因之间的关系。结果296例老年患者中，胃部肿瘤患者177例，结直肠肿瘤患者119例。总的营养风险发生率为66.55%（197/296），其中营养缺失14.19%（42/296），营养不足17.91%（53/296）。有营养风险患者的营养支持率为92.89%；无营养风险患者的营养支持率为62.63%。肠外营养与肠内营养的比例为3.91∶1。结论老年胃肠道肿瘤患者营养风险发生率较高；营养不足发生率为14.04%~31.42%，营养支持治疗缺乏个体化。老年胃肠道肿瘤的营养风险不甚相同，营养不足因素各异。

Objective To address the nutritional risks, rate of malnutrition and reasons analysis for gastrointestinal tumor patients, and provide reference to support nutrition on time for patients having malnutrition and risk of malnutrition. Methods A total of 296 elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumor in our hospital was enrolled from January 2012 to October 2013. Nutrition risk screening （NRS 2002） was performed. Enteral or parenteral nutrition was recorded and the relationship between nutritional risk and its factors was analyzed. Results There were 177 gastral tumor patients and 119 colorectal tumor patients respectively in whole. The overall prevalence of nutritional risk was 66. 55% （ 197/296 ）, nutrition deficiency 14. 19% （ 42/296 ）, malnutrition 17. 91% （53/296）. 92. 89% patients with nutritional risk and 62. 63% patients without nutritional risk were provided nutritional support. The average parenternal nutrition compared with enteral nutrition was 3. 91 ∶ 1. Conclusions Elderly gastrointestinal tumor inpatients suffer from high nutrition risk and the prevalence of malnutrition is 14. 04% to 31,42%, so that nutritional support therapy needs individualization. Nutritional risk in elderly gastrointestinal tumor inpatients is different as well as the factors of malnutrition.