症状筛查联合健康教育预防围绝经期妇女骨质疏松的效果分析

Effect of symptom screening combined with health education on osteoporosis prevention among peri-menopausal women

目的：探讨联合症状筛查的健康教育项目预防围绝经期妇女骨质疏松的效果,为护士及其他健康工作者在促进围绝经期妇女的骨健康工作提供参考。方法对2013年3—4月社区招募的100名围绝经期妇女进行为期4周、每周1次的课堂教育,在教育前1周、教育的第2周及教育后1周对研究对象进行骨质疏松症状筛查。对症状阳性者进行为期1个月的随访。结果干预后围绝经妇女营养知识、锻炼知识、总知识、营养自我效能、锻炼自我效能、总自我效能、预防行为倾向评分分别为（18.93±3.95）,（15.48±3.28）,（22.52±4.50）,（39.05±19.35）,（47.09±24.88）,（43.12±20.21）,（4.10±0.70）分,分别优于干预前,差异有统计学意义（ t 值分别为15.70,14.05,15.66,3.58,4.91,4.83,12.85；P〈0.01）。围绝经期妇女的疼痛平均得分为（7.28±12.38）分,活动能力测试需要时间平均（10.48±1.89）s。13例患者症状阳性,经过1个月的随访,其中10例（76.92%）患者被确诊为骨质疏松。预防骨质疏松知识与健康行为倾向呈弱相关（r=0.509,P〈0.01）,而预防骨质疏松自我效能与健康行为倾向呈强相关（r=0.728,P〈0.01）。结论联合症状筛查的健康教育项目能提高围绝经期妇女预防骨质疏松的效果,有利于围绝经期妇女进行自我筛查。

Objective To evaluate the effect of symptom screening combined with health education on osteoporosis prevention among peri-menopausal women. Methods A total of 100 peri-menopausal women were recruited in the community, who were given classroom education four weeks and once a week, symptoms screening was taken one week before the session, the second session and one week after the session, and one month follow-up was given who had positive screenings. Results After the intervention, scores of nutrition, exercise, total knowledge, self-efficacy on nutrition, self-efficacy on exercise, total self-efficacy and prevention behavior were （18. 93 ± 3. 95）, （15. 48 ± 3. 28）, （22. 52 ± 4. 50）, （39. 05 ± 19. 35）, （47. 09 ± 24. 88）, （43.12 ±20.21） and （4.10 ±0.70）, which were significantly higher than those before the intervention （t=15. 70, 14. 05, 15. 66, 3. 58, 4. 91, 4. 83, 12. 85, respectively;P 〈0. 01）. The mean score of pain was （7. 28 ± 12. 38） and the mean time of exercise ability test was （10. 48 ± 1. 89） seconds. After one month follow-up, ten patients （76. 92%） of the 13 women with positive screenings had osteoporosis. The prevention knowledge of osteoporosis was correlated with health behavior （r=0. 509,P〈0. 01）, while the self-efficacy of osteoporosis prevention was positively correlated with heath behavior （r=0. 728,P〈0. 01）. Conclusions The program can increase the participants′knowledge and the self-efficacy for osteoporosis prevention, so it is useful for the self-screening of peri-menopausal women.