转基因植物知识产权的法律分析

Legal Analysis of Intellectual Property of Genetically Modified Crops

转基因技术的应用以及全球转基因植物种植的商业化为解决粮食短缺问题提供了有效路径。然而,转基因技术也带来了一系列问题,使得进一步完善转基因植物知识产权法律制度建设的步伐成为目前迫切需要加快解决的重要课题。选取发达国家和发展中国家的两个典型案例作为研究对象,对其转基因知识产权保护制度进行对比分析,从中吸取成功经验和失败教训,并就育种者的专利权与农民利益间的冲突、转基因植物单一种植对生物多样性的消极影响、跨国公司的商业垄断行为和基因剽窃行为等重大问题展开讨论,以期为我国转基因知识产权法律制度构建提供有益的借鉴。

With the application of transgenic technology and the global commercial cultivation of genetically modified crops, both of those provide a good effective way to increase food production . However, it also incurred too many problems and dispute recently. So we need to improve the legal institutions of intellectual property of genetically modified crops as soon as possible. This paper chooses European Union and India to make a comparison with the legal institutions of intellectual property of genetically modified crops. As the typical cases , the two countries bring us much experiences and lessons. This text analyzes the questions from several aspects ： equilibrating the conflict of interest between commercial breeders and farmers, solving the difficulties that single cropping of genetically modified crops exert negative influences on biological diversity, using legal method to deal with commercial monopoly behavior and genes of plagiarism of the multinational corporation . we hope all of the analysis above can provide beneficial inspirations for the establishment of legal institutions of intellectual property of genetically modified crops.