两种早产儿配方奶对早产儿营养发育的影响及安全性评估

Effects of two kinds of preterm formula milk on nutrition and development of premature infants and safety evaluation

目的:评估专门配置的101 k Cal/100 ml早产儿配方奶和81 k Cal/100 ml早产儿配方奶对新生儿营养发育及安全性的影响。方法:按入组顺序单双号分为对照组(50例)和研究组(50例)。对照组住院期间喂养常规院内早产儿配方奶粉(81 k Cal/100 ml),研究组喂养专门配置的高热量早产儿配方奶粉(101 k Cal/100 ml)。比较两组早产儿出院时的纠正胎龄、体格生长指标、住院时间、住院期间喂养不耐受(FI)发生率、FI治疗时间、出院前生物化学指标及住院期间其他并发症发生情况。结果:两组早产儿全肠外营养(TPN)时间、部分肠外营养(PPN)时间、住院时间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究组早产儿出院时的平均纠正胎龄、出院体重、出院身长、出院头围均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组早产儿上述3个体格生长指标(体重、身长、头围)评价宫外生长迟缓(EUGR)的发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组早产儿住院期间FI发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。FI患儿经治疗后均康复,两组早产儿FI治疗时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组早产儿出院前生物化学指标、住院期间其他并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与低能量密度81 k Cal/100 ml早产儿奶粉相比较,较高能量密度101 k Cal/100 ml早产儿奶粉改善早产儿体格生长,且不增加肝肾负担,不增加FI及其他并发症的发生率,安全性较好。

Objective： To evaluate the effects of two kinds of preterm formula milk（ 101 k Cal/100 ml and 81 k Cal/100 ml） on nutrition and development of premature infants and safety. Methods： The premature infants were divided into control group and study group according to the sequence of odd or even number,50 premature infants in each group. The premature infants in control group were fed with conventional preterm formula milk（ 81 k Cal /100 ml） in hospital,while the premature infants in study group were fed with special preterm formula milk（ 101 k Cal /100 ml） in hospital. The corrected gestational age at discharge,physical growth indexes,hospitalization time,the incidence rates of feeding intolerance in hospital,cure time of feeding intolerance,biochemical indexes before leaving the hospital,and the incidence rates of other complications in hospital in the two groups were compared. Results： There was no statistically significant difference in total parenteral nutrition（ TPN） time,partial parenteral nutrition（ PPN） time,and hospitalization time between the two groups（ P〈0. 05）; the corrected gestational age,body weight,body height,and head circumference at discharge in study group were statistically significantly higher than those in control group（ P〈0. 05）; the incidence rates of extrauterine growth retardation（ EUGR） evaluated by body weight,body height,and head circumference in study group were statistically significantly lower than those in control group（ P〈0. 05）.There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of feeding intolerance in hospital between the two groups（ P〈0. 05）.The premature infants with feeding intolerance recovered after treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in the treatment time of feeding intolerance between the two groups（ P〉0. 05）. There was no statistically significant difference in biochemical indexes before leaving the hospital and the incidence rate of other complications in hospital between the two groups（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion： Compared with conventional preterm formula milk（ 81 k Cal /100 ml）,special preterm formula milk（ 101 k Cal /100 ml） can improve physical growth of premature infants,and it can not increase liver and kidney burdens and the incidence rates of feeding intolerance and other complications,the safety is better.