铜陵市城区学龄前儿童行为问题及影响因素调查分析

Analysis on behavioral problems and influencing factors among urban preschool children in Tongling city

目的:了解铜陵市城区学龄前儿童的行为问题状况,探讨学龄前儿童行为问题的影响因素。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取铜陵市3区9所有代表性的幼儿园,共1 650名儿童,采用自行设计的一般人口学问卷和Conners父母症状问卷等对儿童家长进行问卷调查。结果:铜陵市城区学龄前儿童行为问题检出率为13.4%,女童检出率高于男童,冲动-多动行为最常见,其他依次为品行问题、心身障碍、焦虑、学习问题。影响学龄前儿童行为问题的可能因素有所在幼儿园的性质、胎龄大小、出生时有无并发症、母亲年龄、母亲吸烟状况、家庭气氛、健康状况、家庭经济条件、父亲工作忙碌程度、父亲冲动烦躁性格、母亲冲动烦躁性格。结论:铜陵市学龄前儿童行为问题比较普遍,多种因素与学龄前儿童行为问题有密切关系,需要采取综合措施才能降低儿童行为问题的发生率。

Objective： To understand the prevalence of behavioral problems of urban preschool children in Tongling,explore the influencing factors of behavioral problems of urban preschool children. Methods： A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 650 children from nine typical kindergartens from three districts in Tongling city,a self- designed demographic questionnaire and Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire were used to survey the parents. Results： The detection rate of behavioral problems among urban preschool children in Tongling city was 13. 4%. The detection rate of behavioral problems among girls was higher than that among boys; impulse- hyperactivity was the most common type,followed by conduct problems,psychosomatic disorders,anxiety,and learning problems. The possible influencing factors included quality of kindergartens,gestational age,with complications or not at birth,maternal age,maternal smoking,family atmosphere,health status,family economic conditions,paternal working degree,paternal and maternal impulsive irritable personality. Conclusion： Behavioral problems of urban preschool children in Tongling city is common,which are closely correlated with multiple factors,comprehensive measures should be taken to reduce the incidence rate of behavioral problems among urban preschool children in Tongling city.