小学生(U6—11阶段)动作发展与运动技能学习目标研究

Study of Action Development and Goals of Action Learning of Primary School Students(U6-11)

通过文献检索以及教学实验,发现小学阶段人体生长特征:迅速成长、稳定成长、肌肉力量发展滞后于体重发展、体重发展滞后于身高发展;动作发展特征:学习运用自我、基本动作过程学习、基本运动技能学习和应用。根据以上特征,对《义务教育体育与健康课程标准(2011年版)》中运动技能学习目标进行局限性分析,结果反映出U6—7阶段内容目标的部分项目难度大;U8—9阶段的内容目标中个别项目难度大,表现程度目标中数量、远度比重较大;U10—11阶段的内容目标轻视运动技能学习,表现程度目标轻视动作质量和形式,侧重数量、远度。以上结论旨在为落实"以学生为本"的教学理念提供理论与实践素材。

Based on literature review and teaching experiment, we find the characteristics of body growth of primary school students, which include growing fast and stable; muscle strength developing later than weight; and weight developing later than height. Characteristics of action development are： learn to use oneself; basic action learning process; basic motion skills learning and application. According to the above characteristics, we analyze the limitations of learning objectives of motion skills in Compulsory Education for Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standards （2011 Edition）, and we find that some content objectives are difficult for the students from 6 to 7 years old. Several content objectives are difficult and more proportion of numbers and distance is in the performance degree objective for the students from 8 to 9 years old. For the students from 10 to 11 years old, the content objectives ignore motion skill learning, and performance degree objective ignores motion quality and form, focusing on numbers and distance. The above analysis is to offer some materials about theories and practices for the idea of student-based teaching.