双孢蘑菇贮藏品质评价方法及适收期研究

Quality evaluation and suitable harvest date of mushroom(Agaricus bisporus)

为建立适合双孢蘑菇的品质简化评价方法，并通过比较主要评价参数贮藏过程的变化，确定蘑菇的适收期。以4种菌盖直径作为采收期标志的双孢蘑菇（Agaricusbisporus）为试验材料，利用主成分分析法对不同采收期双孢蘑菇采后2℃贮藏过程中6个品质指标的变化进行统计分析。结果表明：从6个品质因子中提取了2个主成分，确定影响双孢蘑菇品质的关键因子为品质因子和呼吸因子，确定采收Ⅲ期（菌盖直径40～50mm）为较佳的双孢蘑菇采收期。对采收Ⅲ期双孢蘑菇构建品质综合评价模型，模型表明，2℃贮藏6d后双孢蘑菇品质下降，贮藏12d后双孢蘑菇进入衰老期，失去食用价值。

The objective of this study is to establish a simplified evaluation method of mushroom quality and determine suitable harvest date through the comparison of main changes in evaluation parameters during the storage. Four groups of mushroom （Agaricus bisporus） with different commercial maturity stage （in different pileus diameter） were stored at 2 ℃, and changes in quality and storage characteristic were determined. The principle component analysis （PCA） was used for statistic analysis on six characteristics of post-harvest mushroom. The results showed that two principal components was extracted from the six quality factors, which were quality factor and respiration factor. Harvest stage In （cap diameter 40-50 ram） was better harvest date of mushroom. The synthetical evaluation model of harvest stage HI also showed that the storage quality declined rapidly after 6 days, and mushroom was senescent and lost value after 12 days at 2 ℃.