青岛地区过敏性疾病病儿过敏原种类及分布

CHILDREN WITH ANAPHYLACTIC DISEASES IN QINGDAO AREA:ALLERGEN TYPES AND DISTRIBUTION

目的了解青岛地区过敏性疾病病儿过敏原种类及分布，为临床诊疗提供依据。方法对1664名诊断过敏性疾病病儿进行过敏原点刺试验，采用PPMS1．5软件分析过敏原阳性率。结果1664例过敏性疾病病儿过敏原阳性率为96．0％，其中2种及以上过敏原阳性者占94．6％，主要的过敏原为屋尘螨占70．0％、粉尘螨占69．6％、蚌类占62．1％、海虾占58．8％。婴幼儿主要过敏原为蚌类占61．1％、海虾占48．7％、牛奶占46．0％、鸡蛋占46．0％；学龄前病儿主要过敏原为粉尘螨占69．3％、屋尘螨占69．0％、蚌类占63．2％、海虾占59．7％；学龄期病儿主要的过敏原为屋尘螨占76．1％、粉尘螨占75．2％、蚌类占60．6％、海虾占59．2％。在粉尘螨、屋尘螨、牛奶、鸡蛋阳性率方面3组比较差异有显著性（χ2=15．1～50．9，P〈0．01）。结论青岛地区过敏性疾病病儿过敏原阳性率较高，尘螨是青岛地区该类病儿主要过敏原，婴幼儿期主要为食物过敏，随年龄增长，吸入过敏原逐渐占主要地位。

Objective To investigate the types and distribution of allergens of children with anaphylactic diseases in Qingdao so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Skin prick tests （SPT） were done in 1 664 chil dren with allergic diseases, the positive rate of allergen was then analyzed using PPMS 1.5. Results The positive rate of allergen in 1664 sick kids was 96.0%, of which, two or more allergens accounting for 94.6%. The main allergens were dermatophagoides pteronyssinus （D. pteronyssinus, 70.0%）, dermatophagoides farinae （D. farina, 69.6 %）, mussel （62.1%）, and prawn （58.8%）. Of children in early childhood, major main allergens were mussel （61.1%）, prawn （48.7%）, milk （46.0%）, egg （46.0%） ofpre-school children, D. pteronyssinus （69.3%）, D. farinae （69.0%）, i＇nussel （63.2%）, and prawn （59.7%）; of school children, D. teronyssinu.s （76.1%）, D. farinae （75.2%）, mussel （60.6%）, and prawn （59.2%）. There were significant differences of the po-sitive rates of D. pteronyssinus, D. farina, milk and egg among the three age-group kids （χ2 = 15.1 -- 50.9, P〈0.01）. Conclusion The positive rates of allergens in children with anaphylactic diseases in Qingdao are relatively high, D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae being the major allergens. Of children in early childhood, food allergy is a main factor. With age, aeroallergens gradually dominate.